
The Ibex Hills and the southern reaches of Death Valley define this landscape, where early mining ventures and vital desert water sources intersect. This 1990s provisional record identifies several extraction sites, including the Superior Mine, White Cap Mine, and Pogo Mine, highlighting the industrial history of the Mojave Desert. The presence of Saratoga Springs and Valley Spring points to the essential hydrologic nodes that sustained travel and operations in this arid environment long before it was designated as Death Valley National Park. Further south, the Avawatz Mountains rise above the drainage of the Amargosa River, which cuts through the basin. Several primitive routes, such as Saratoga Springs Road and Sara Road, provide evidence of the desert's accessibility and its role in regional transit.
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1933 · Avawatz Mountains
USGS Topo · 1:250,000
1947 · Trona
USGS Topo · 1:250,000
1948 · Trona
USGS Topo · 1:250,000
1948 · Leach Lake
USGS Topo · 1:62,500
1948 · Avawatz Pass
USGS Topo · 1:62,500
1950 · Confidence Hills
USGS Topo · 1:62,500
1951 · Avawatz Pass
USGS Topo · 1:62,500
1951 · Leach Lake
USGS Topo · 1:62,500
1951 · Shoshone
USGS Topo · 1:62,500
1953 · Trona
USGS Topo · 1:250,000