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1909 Map of Gallina

Name: 1909 Topographic Map of Gallina
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1946
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1946

About this map

San Pedro Mountains and the high plateaus of northern New Mexico dominate this 1906–1907 survey, which captures the region's isolated ranching and mining outposts. The landscape is defined by the Continental Divide, with water systems like the Rio Chama and Rio Puerco carving through massive landforms such as Mesa de los Viejos and Mesa Prieta. The map identifies the remote Copper City near Cuba, evidence of the early 20th-century mineral interest that drew prospectors to the high desert.

Evidence of much earlier habitation is marked at the Cliff Dwellings along the Canyon de los Viejos, while contemporary life is represented by Hart Ranch and Burns Ranch. The Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation forms the western boundary, framing a territory where small settlements like Gallina, Coyote, and El Rito serve as central hubs for the surrounding arroyos and mountain peaks. The intricate network of seasonal water sources, including the San Jose Lakes and Laguna Seca, highlights the critical importance of water management in this arid environment.