1981 Map of Keaiwa Reservoir

About this map

The Lava Flow of 1926 and Lava Flow of 1950 define the high western slopes of this Hawaii Island landscape, illustrating the active volcanic history of the Kahuku region. These frozen rivers of stone contrast with the dense vegetation of the Kapapala Forest Reserve and Kaa Forest Reserve to the east. At lower elevations, the map records essential water management infrastructure like the Keaiwa Reservoir, the Noguchi Tunnel, and the Maunaanu Waterhole, which supported the land's transition from volcanic wilderness to managed resource areas. Numerous steep drainages, such as Moaula Gulch and Hionamoa Gulch, carve through the terrain toward the coast, while high points like Puu Kinikini and Kilohana provide orientation across the steep gradient.