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1913 Map of Kohala

Name: 1913 Topographic Map of Kohala
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1954
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1954

About this map

Union Mill and its neighboring processing centers anchor the northern coast of the Big Island in this early twentieth-century survey. The landscape is defined by the industrial footprint of the sugar era, with the Hawaii Railway connecting the mills and the coastal shipping infrastructure at Mahukona Harbor and Honolipu Landing. Settlements like Hawi, Kapaau, and Honomakau are clustered along the northern belt road, supported by local institutions such as the Kohala Seminary and several churches.

Moving inland, the terrain climbs toward the Kohala Mountain Forest Reserve, where numerous cinder cones, or pu'u, such as Puu Hue and Puu Kehena, dot the high-elevation ranchlands. Along the rugged eastern coast, massive gulches like Honokane Nui Gulch cut deep into the volcanic shield. The map also preserves significant cultural sites, including ancient Heiau and the prominent Puukohola Heiau near Kawaihae.