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1994 Map of Puumakaala

Name: 1994 Topographic Map of Puumakaala
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 2002
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 2002

About this map

Pu'umaka'ala rises as a prominent landmark within this high-elevation tropical landscape on the Big Island. The map documents a transition between organized human settlement and protected wilderness, notably where Waiākea Homesteads and the 'Ōla'a Reservation Lots meet the dense vegetation of the 'Ōla'a Forest Reserve. A complex network of transit history is visible here, from the modern Stainback Highway to the legacy of the timber and sugar industries represented by a Railroad Grade and Old Railroad Grade.

Conservation efforts are heavily detailed across the terrain, including the Waiākea 1942 Lava Flow Natural Area Reserve, which preserves recent geological activity. In the southwest, the boundary of the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park Wilderness Area marks a transition into some of the island's most protected volcanic territory, while smaller industrial markers like a Cinder Pit reflect local resource extraction.