2012 Map of Caldwell Butte

About this map

Area of Modoc War Fortifications defines the historical and physical character of this northeastern California landscape. Located within the volcanic terrain of Siskiyou County, the map details the complex ground where 19th-century conflicts unfolded, including a second Area of War Fortifications to the north. The geology is dominated by the Schonchin Flow and a series of prominent volcanic peaks including Caldwell Butte, Big Sand Butte, and Cougar Butte. Transportation is defined by a network of forest and monument roads, such as Lava Beds National Monument Rd and Tickner Rd, which navigate the space between landmarks like Captain Jacks Bridge. This 2012 survey illustrates how the rugged topography provided strategic defensive positions during the Modoc War, preserving the spatial context of these military sites.