1988 Map of Caldwell Butte

About this map

Lava Beds National Monument Wilderness and the Modoc National Forest define this volcanic environment, where ancient geothermal activity created a landscape of subterranean caverns and cinder cones. The map identifies several prominent geologic features, including Three Sisters, Valentine Cave, and the intriguing Frozen River Cave. Archaeological significance is noted through the presence of Indian Fortifications (Ruins) and additional Indian Fortifications, which indicate the strategic importance of this high-elevation terrain for indigenous peoples. The border between Siskiyou and Modoc counties bisects the region, while resource extraction is evidenced by a Cinder Pit near East Sand Butte and a Gravel Pit to the south. These labels offer a detailed look at the intersection of natural wonders like Caldwell Butte and the physical history of the Modoc War era.