1985 Map of Captain Jacks Stronghold

About this map

Lava Beds National Monument dominates this mid-1980s terrain, where the volcanic geology meets the engineered water management of the Modoc plateau. The map details a complex landscape of basalt flows and historical sites, most notably Captains Jacks Stronghold and the Site of Thomas & Wright Battle, which mark critical locations from the Modoc War. To the north, the reclaimed bed of the Tule Lake Sump is etched with a network of levees and a Pumping Station, illustrating the transformation of the basin into a controlled agricultural and wildlife resource. Between the sheer face of Gillem Bluff and the jagged Devils Homestead Lava, the presence of seasonal water at Gillem Lakes and high-country markers like Canby Cross reveals the layered history of 19th-century conflict and 20th-century conservation.