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1909 Map of Four Peaks

Name: 1909 Topographic Map of Four Peaks
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1909
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1909

About this map

Tonto and the surrounding ranching frontier are documented here in detail during the earliest years of the Tonto National Forest. The landscape is dominated by the massive Four Peaks and the Sierra Ancha range, with the Salt River cutting through the southern portion of the sheet. Before the major dam projects transformed the river valley, this survey shows the original topography of Mormon Flats, Tortilla Flats, and Mesquite Flats.

A network of early cattle operations and travel stops defines the human footprint, including Howell's Ranch, Sunflower Ranch, and Schells Station. The crossing at Reno Pass and the route of Reno Road provide evidence of the primary transit corridors through the Gila and Maricopa county borderlands. The presence of Stewart's Camp and various family-named ranches like Bouquet Ranch and Lockwood Ranch offers a clear view of the territorial-era settlement patterns before modern irrigation and development.