1966 Map of Cassadore Spring

About this map

The San Carlos Indian Reservation landscape is defined by a dense network of water features and livestock infrastructure as it appeared in the mid-1960s. High-elevation points like Indian Lookout and Lookout Hilltop overlook a complex drainage system where Alder Creek and Cassadore Creek carve through the terrain. The distribution of numerous water tanks, such as Sawmill Tank and Rose Garden Tank, alongside named springs like Keam Spring and Cold Spring, suggests a landscape heavily managed for cattle ranching. Traceable human activity is concentrated at Hilltop Ranch and the I K Bar Well, while specialized features like the Wild Beef Trap, Big Cedar Trap, and Geronimo Trap point toward traditional ranching methods used within the reservation. A network of primitive transport, marked as Jeep Trail, connects these remote outposts across the high ridges and deep canyons.