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1900 Map of Gaines

Name: 1900 Topographic Map of Gaines
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1922
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1922

About this map

The Cowanesque River corridor anchors this turn-of-the-century landscape, serving as the primary artery for both transportation and industry along the northern border of Pennsylvania. Two major rail systems, the New York Central and Hudson River and the Buffalo and Susquehanna R. R., intersect near Westfield, highlighting the importance of this region as a transition point between the northern timberlands and southern markets. Industrial activity is specifically noted at Tannery near Harrison Valley, suggesting a local economy still tied to the processing of forest resources.

Deeply dissected by countless runs and hollows, the terrain is dotted with small agricultural and milling settlements such as Loucks Mills and Whites Corners. High points like Clymer Scott Hill and Leech Hill overlook a network of valley roads connecting rural outposts like Sunderlinville and Mixtown. The map clearly delineates the Boundary Line between New York and Pennsylvania, illustrating how these border townships were settled in relation to the complex watershed of the North Fork and Potter Brook.