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1993 Map of Keanakolu

Name: 1993 Topographic Map of Keanakolu
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 2001
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 2001

About this map

Keanakolu and its surrounding uplands are defined by a complex network of forest reserves and early 20th-century homesteading tracts. This 1993 survey details the high-elevation transition from managed timberlands like the Hamakua Forest Reserve to the protected ecology of the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. The landscape is etched by steep gulches, including Keanakolu Gulch and Maulua Gulch, which drain the eastern slopes of Mauna Kea.

Evidence of historical activity is visible in the various camps and stations scattered across the terrain. The Keanakolu Ranger Station serves as a central landmark, while smaller outposts like Pu'uloa No 3 Camp and Iolehaehae Camp reflect the area's legacy of ranching and forestry. Near the southern edge, the Doctor David Douglas Historical Monument (Kaluakauka) commemorates the Scottish botanist, marking a specific point of historical interest amidst the dense Laupahoehoe Natural Area Reserve.