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1923 Map of Middletown

Name: 1923 Topographic Map of Middletown
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1923
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1923

About this map

The Cacapon River winds through the valley floor of the Great North Mountain region, defining a landscape of small settlements and river crossings like Arnolds Ford and Davis Ford. This 1923 edition, based on earlier surveys by D.H.Watson and others, shows a rural economy centered on the river and its tributaries, including Old Man Run and Lick Branch. The eastern slope of North Mountain marks the rugged boundary between Hampshire and Frederick counties, where landforms like Pinnacle and Eagle Rock dominate the skyline.

Local infrastructure is represented by a network of one-room schoolhouses, such as Riverdale School, Oak Grove School, and Mt Airy School, which served the scattered communities of Hooks Mills and Lehew. The presence of the Shenandoah National Forest in the southern portion of the map indicates the early establishment of protected timber and watershed lands in the Appalachian corridor during the early twentieth century.