
The Kanawha River serves as the industrial spine for this coal-rich region, where the Chesapeake and Ohio and Kanawha and Michigan railroads parallel the water. The landscape is defined by deep hollows and narrow creek beds, such as Witcher Creek and Armstrong Creek, which provided the geography for dozens of small mining and industrial settlements. A notable industrial landmark is the Pure Oil Refinery near Cabin Creek Junction, illustrating the area's transition into oil processing alongside its coal heritage.
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1891 · Oceana
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1891 · Raleigh
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1893 · Oceana
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1897 · Kanawha Falls
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1897 · Raleigh
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1898 · Oceana
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1899 · Charleston
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1900 · Kanawha Falls
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1901 · Kanawha Falls
USGS Topo · 1:125,000
1902 · Raleigh
USGS Topo · 1:125,000