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1938 Map of Galiuro Mts

Name: 1938 Topographic Map of Galiuro Mts
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1968
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1968

About this map

Geronimo Camp and a network of remote outposts define this high-desert landscape during the late 1930s. The map reveals an economy of isolated cattle ranching and hard-rock mining scattered across the Galiuro Mountains. Operations like the Bunker Hill Mine, Magna Mine, and Sixteen To One Mine are shown tucked into canyons, while livestock interests are represented by the Mercer Ranch, Simms Ranch, and Y L E Ranch.

Natural water sources are critical to survival in this arid environment, with dozens of named springs such as Holdout Spr, Sol Rey Spr, and Mitchell Spr sustaining the few inhabitants. Travel is limited to a primitive system of Trails and unimproved roads that navigate the complex drainage systems of Rattlesnake Canyon and Kielberg Canyon. The survey captures the transition between Pinal, Graham, and Pima counties at a time when mountain life was defined by self-sufficiency and mineral extraction.