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1919 Map of Hilliard

Name: 1919 Topographic Map of Hilliard
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1945
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1945

About this map

Hilliard and Callahan serve as the primary rail hubs in this northern Florida landscape, surveyed just before the end of the First World War. The region is defined by an intricate network of wetlands, including Wilder Swamp and Mills Swamp, which dictated the early transportation routes and industrial development of Nassau County. Three major railroads—the Atlantic Coast Line, Seaboard Air Line, and Southern Railway—intersect here, facilitating a timber and turpentine economy evidenced by sites like Nelsons Mill and Hodges Mill.

Beyond the rails, the geography reveals older thoroughfares like the Alachua Trail and the Ferry Road, which connected isolated rural communities. Scattered throughout the pine woods and swamp margins are several local educational landmarks, such as Romulus School, Boggy Swamp School, and Mill Creek School, providing a detailed look at the settlement patterns of the era. The proximity to the Georgia border is marked by the winding course of the Little St Marys River at the northern edge of the survey.