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1913 Map of Panoche

Name: 1913 Topographic Map of Panoche
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1913
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1913

About this map

The San Joaquin Valley meets the foothills of the Coast Ranges in this 1913 survey, where agricultural development and ranching define the landscape. Around Dos Palos and South Dos Palos, a network of infrastructure including the Southern Pacific railroad and the Main Outside Canal highlights the early engineering of California's water delivery systems. Near the valley floor, several distinct livestock operations such as Hog Ranch, Sheep Ranch, and Chaney Ranch are noted, indicating the region's diverse late-frontier economy.

To the west, the terrain rises into the Panoche Hills and Griswold Hills. This rugged area is marked by remote rural infrastructure, including Mercy School and the Mercy Mine near Mercy Hot Sprs. Local education was decentralized, with small institutions like Cherry Hill School and Ortigalita School serving dispersed ranching families. The map also delineates the precise Boundary Line between Merced, Fresno, and San Benito counties as it traverses the Panoche Valley.