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1900 Map of Salamanca

Name: 1900 Topographic Map of Salamanca
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1903
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1903

About this map

The Allegheny Indian Reservation dominates the central river valley of this late 19th-century survey, following the winding path of the Allegheny River through Cattaraugus County. A significant transportation hub at the turn of the century, Salamanca and Salamanca Junction serve as the meeting point for several major rail lines, including the Erie R. R. and the Buffalo Rochester and Pittsburgh. These industrial arteries parallel the natural waterways, connecting timber and freight routes through the steep, dissected terrain of Humphrey and Carrollton.

Smaller settlements and family-named landmarks like Irvine Mills, Wrights, and Peth are scattered among the ridges and valleys. The southern border of the map is defined by the New York Pennsylvania State Line Boundary Line, near the community of Limestone. The landscape is characterized by deep hollows such as Mutton Hollow and Pumpkin Hollow, which dictate the placement of early roads and rural homesteads.