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1900 Map of Salamanca

Name: 1900 Topographic Map of Salamanca
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1913
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1913

About this map

The Allegheny River valley forms the industrial and transport backbone of this region at the close of the nineteenth century, dominated by the sprawling Allegheny Reservation. The rail hub at Salamanca serves as a critical junction, where the Erie RR and the Buffalo Rochester and Pittsburg RR converge. This network facilitates movement between the timbered highlands and the river settlements, connecting places like West Salamanca and Killbuck to the wider commercial world.

Away from the rail lines, the landscape is defined by steep ridges and narrow valleys such as Mutton Hollow and Bear Hollow. Small agrarian and timber-related hamlets including Humphrey Center, Peth, and Irvine Mills are scattered along the feeder streams like Great Valley Creek and Tunuangwant Creek. The survey also documents the southern edge of the state near the New York Pennsylvania line, capturing the isolated settlements of Limestone and Knapp Creek before the modern highway era.