1913 Map of Alum Mountain

About this map

Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument stands at the heart of this high-country landscape, where the confluence of the Middle Fork and West Fork forms the Gila River. Based on fieldwork from 1910–1911, the topography reveals a remote network of ranching outposts and rugged homesteads including T Bar Ranch, XSX Ranch, and the V Cross T Headquarters. The presence of the Meerschaum Mine and the small settlement of Meerschaum near the southern edge indicates the era's localized mineral extraction.