1909 Map of Fairfield

About this map

South Mountain Sanatorium sits prominently within the rugged highlands of the Adams County and Franklin County border, overlooking a landscape defined by sharp ridges and deep runs. This era in south-central Pennsylvania shows a transition from early industrial extraction to established rural communities. Evidence of the region’s iron heritage is found at Maria Furnace and Iron Springs, while the rail network, including the Western Maryland Railroad and the Harrisburg and Gettysburg Division, connects agricultural hubs like Cashtown and Bendersville to the wider markets. To the east, the map captures a portion of the Gettysburg Confederate Battlefield, marking the edge of the historic conflict site. Small crossroads and rail stops, such as Fairfield Sta and McKnightstown Sta, anchor a network of local institutions including the West Point School and McCleary School.