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1919 Map of Peppermint Creek

Name: 1919 Topographic Map of Peppermint Creek
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1919
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1919

About this map

Graceton sits as the primary settlement in this northern landscape, situated along the Canadian Northern railroad just south of the border. This 1919 progressive military map provides a detailed look at the complex hydrological management of Beltrami County, specifically illustrating the extensive network of drainage projects like Main Judicial Ditch No 23 and Judicial Ditch No 17. These artificial waterways cut through a terrain defined by alternating stretches of timbered land and swamp, with limits based on a 1908 drainage survey of Ceded Chippewa Lands.

The natural flow of the Winter Road River and Peppermint Creek winds through townships such as Potamo and Walhalla, while the Rapid River and its North Branch dominate the southern portion of the sheet. Numerous clearings or "openings" are mapped within the timber, marking specific points of human activity or natural breaks in the forest cover. This survey captures a transitional era when large-scale drainage efforts were actively reshaping the wilderness for potential settlement and agriculture.