1899 Map of Harrisburg

The terrain is defined by the striking parallel ridges of Peters Mountain, Second Mountain, and Blue Mountain, which forced early settlements and transport lines into narrow gaps and valleys. While the state capital shows early urban density, including the State Lunatic Asylum, the surrounding countryside is a network of small mill towns and crossroads such as Heckton Mills, Dauphin, and Linglestown. The confluence with the Juniata River and the operation of Clark Ferry underscore the importance of these river crossings to 1890s commerce and travel.