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1909 Map of Tuskahoma

Name: 1909 Topographic Map of Tuskahoma
Creator: U.S. Geological Survey
Published: 1909
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

USGS Topo · Published 1909

About this map

Choctaw Council House serves as a cultural and political anchor in this territory, situated north of the Kiamichi River near the town of Tuskahoma. This early 20th-century landscape is defined by the convergence of major mountain ranges and the industrial pulse of competing railroads. The Chicago Rock Island and Pacific spans the northern corridor through Wilburton and Lutie, while the St Louis and San Francisco line cuts through the southern valley, linking Clayton, Tuskahoma, and Albion.

Remote settlements and spiritual centers like Thessalonica Church and Peaceful Chapel are scattered across the rising elevations of Winding Stair Mountain and Buffalo Mountain. Significant waterways including Gaines Creek and Fourche Maline carve the valley floors, providing the necessary geography for coal-era towns like Gowen and Hartshorne. This survey records a pivotal moment when tribal governance and industrial rail expansion coexisted before statehood changes fully reshaped the region.